Since October 7:

A Chronology of the Genocide in Gaza

October 7, 2023

At 6:29am, the Palestinian resistance group Hamas launches the “Al-Aqsa Flood” offensive, taking 251 Israelis as hostages to lift the Israeli blockade on the Gaza Strip. The attack is claimed by the Ezzedine al-Qassam Brigades.

October 8, 2023

Israel launches “Operation Swords of Iron,” initiating intense bombardments over civilian areas across the Gaza Strip.

October 9, 2023

Israel begins a “complete siege” of Gaza, cutting off electricity, fuel, food, and aid.

October 10, 2023

International legal experts call for war crimes investigations. UN Secretary-General António Guterres urges de-escalation.

October 12, 2023

Israel orders 1.1 million Gazans to evacuate northern Gaza ahead of a ground invasion.

October 13, 2023

The Israeli military gives northern Gaza residents 24 hours to evacuate. The first UN Security Council meeting is convened but no resolution passes due to vetoes.

October 15, 2023

UN agencies warn of a looming humanitarian catastrophe.

October 17, 2023

A massive blast at Al-Ahli hospital in Gaza City kills hundreds, sparking global protests. The Gazan health ministry reports 471 deaths.

October 19, 2023

The Houthi movement in Yemen launches drones and missiles at Israel and targets Red Sea shipping in solidarity with Gaza.

October 21, 2023

The first trucks carrying humanitarian aid pass through the Rafah crossing, bringing fuel, food, and medicine to Palestinians.

November 24-December 1, 2023

The first truce is declared between Israel and Hamas. The temporary pause in fighting allows 105 Israeli, dual-national and foreign hostages – mainly women and children – to be released in exchange for the freeing of 240 Palestinian prisoners held in Israeli jails. Humanitarian aid is also allowed to reach the Gaza Strip, where more than 10,000 people have already been killed by Israel, according to the health ministry in the Hamas-run enclave.

December 5, 2023

The Israeli army launches a massive ground offensive around the city of Khan Younis in the southern Gaza Strip, where thousands of Palestinians have taken refuge. Israel calls on the people sheltering in the city to head further south to Rafah near the Egyptian border.

December 6, 2023

Israeli airstrike killed 22 persons of the same family in the Jabalia refugee camp.

December 7, 2023

October 2023, the World Food Program warned of Gaza’s dwindling food supply, and in December, alongside the United Nations, reported that more than half of Gaza’s population was “starving”, more than nine in ten were not eating every day, and 48% were suffering “extreme hunger”. In October 2023, Palestinian Foreign Minister Riyad al-Maliki, who is part of the Palestinian Authority, said Israel was using starvation as a weapon: “they are starving because of Israel’s deliberate use of starvation as a weapon of war against the people it occupied”. During the first two months of bombing, Israel dropped 25,000 tons of explosives on the Gaza Strip. Many of these were unguided dumb bombs dropped in densely populated areas, and obliterated entire neighborhoods.

December 8, 2023

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) receives a formal application from South Africa accusing Israel of violating the Genocide Convention in Gaza. One week later, The ICJ schedules a hearing to determine whether provisional measures (e.g., a ceasefire) should be imposed. UN Resolution 2716 (Security Council) calls for a humanitarian pause; US abstains, allowing it to pass. The United States of America vetoed the proposal of the UN Security Council for a humanitarian ceasefire. The UK abstains.

December 15, 2023

Three Israeli hostages who managed to escape are shot dead by Israeli soldiers in Gaza City’s Shejaiya neighborhood while carrying a white flag. The blunder sparks a furious response from the families of those still held hostage in Gaza, who call on the Israeli government to reach a new deal with Hamas. UN launches a $5 billion humanitarian appeal for Gaza.

December 22, 2023

The UN Security Council adopts a resolution calling for more humanitarian aid to be brought into the Gaza Strip. The death toll has now reached more than 20,000, according to the Gaza’s health ministry.

December 29, 2023

South Africa alleged that Israel had committed and was committing genocide against Palestinians in the Gaza Strip, contravening the Genocide Convention, including what South Africa described as Israel’s 75-year apartheid, 56-year occupation, and 16-year blockade of the Strip. South Africa requested that the ICJ indicate provisional measures of protection, including the immediate suspension of Israel’s operations. Israel characterized South Africa’s charges as “baseless”, accusing the country of functioning as the legal arm of Hamas. Israel said that it was conducting a war of self-defense in accordance with international law following the Hamas-led attack on its territory on 7 October 2023.

January 2, 2024

Saleh al-Arouri, the number two figure in Hamas’s political bureau, is killed in an Israeli strike on the southern suburbs of Beirut in Lebanon.

January 4, 2024

Israeli defense minister Yoav Gallant presents his blueprint for what he refers to as “the day after”. The proposal states that “Hamas will not control Gaza”, nor will there be an “Israeli civilian presence” in the Strip. Gallant speaks about Palestinian “entities” who could be responsible for the management of the Gaza Strip, without giving details.

January 10, 2024

The ICC prosecutor confirms investigations into crimes against humanity committed during the conflict, targeting both Hamas and Israeli officials.

January 11, 2024

An international coalition led by the US launches a series of strikes against the Houthis in Yemen in response to the pro-Palestinian group’s repeated attacks on cargo ships going to Israel in the Red Sea. Opening statements and speeches were listened to by the International Court of Justice. In this case, South Africa accused Israel of doing genocide against people of Palestine.

January 16, 2024

On 16 January 2024, U.N. experts accused Israel of "destroying Gaza’s food system and using food as a weapon against the Palestinian people".

January 22, 2024

The ICJ begins oral hearings on the case filed by South Africa, focusing on potential genocide and violations of international humanitarian law.

January 23, 2024

The UN estimates for the first time that the risk of famine in the Gaza Strip is "imminent".

January 26, 2024

The International Court of Justice, responding to a case brought before it by South Africa, orders Israel to take all possible measures to prevent genocidal acts in Gaza. The same day, the UN agency for Palestinian refugees (UNRWA) dismisses a handful of employees accused by Israel of having been involved in the October 7 attacks. Following the lead of the US, a number of donor countries suspend their funding of the agency. All except the US will later resume their funding.

January 27, 2024

Emergency London Conference of Global Conscience, led by former Prime Minister of Turkiye Prof. Dr. Ahmed Davutoğlu and former Palestine Special Rapporteur for UN, Prof. Dr. Richard Falk, was held with a broad participation of global intellectuals.

February 15, 2024

ICC prosecutors begin interviewing survivors in Gaza and families of Israeli hostages to gather testimonies.

February 26, 2024

Israel had failed to comply with the International Court of Justice’s 26 January ruling to prevent genocide by blocking aid from entry into Gaza. Many Palestinian people cannot access basic necessities like food and medicine.

February 29, 2024

The day of what becomes known as the “flour massacre”. At least 118 Palestinians are massacred and another 760 wounded during the distribution of basic foodstuffs in Gaza City. Hamas accuses Israel of having opened fire on the crowd. The death toll in Gaza has reached 30,000, according to the health ministry in the Hamas-run Strip.

March 1, 2024

Egypt hosts a regional summit for peace negotiations.

March 11, 2024

A report by Refugees International found that Israel had 'consistently and groundlessly impeded aid operations within Gaza'. Historian Melanie Tanielian argues that starvation, famine, and blockade should be foregrounded as methods of genocide alongside mass bombing.

March 12, 2024

A ship leaves Cyprus with 200 tons of rations to feed the starving Gazans, the holy month of Ramadan having begun two days earlier. With the land routes into Gaza blocked by Israel, aid can only reach by sea and air.

March 25, 2024

The UN Security Council adopts a resolution demanding an immediate ceasefire between Israel and Hamas. The US, who has until now used their right to veto on several occasions to block similar resolutions, abstains. The text remains a dead letter.

March 26, 2024

Francesca Albanese, the UN Special Rapporteur on human rights in the occupied Palestinian territories, reported 'reasonable grounds' to believe that Israel is committing genocidal acts against Palestinians in Gaza.

March 31, 2024

In March 2024, Haaretz reported that some Israeli commanders had set up kill zones (extermination zones in Hebrew) in which soldiers were commanded to shoot and kill anyone on sight, even if they were unarmed.

April 1, 2024

An Israeli strike kills seven staff members at the US NGO World Central Kitchen, which was distributing food with the military’s express authorization, causing an international outrage. The same day, an air strike by Israel hits the Iranian consulate in Damascus, Syria, killing seven Revolutionary Guard members. Israel’s military has pulled out of al-Shifa hospital in Gaza City after a two-week raid that has left most of the major medical complex in ruins, massacring hundreds of people. Gaza’s health ministry said dozens of bodies had been found and locals said nearby areas were razed.

April 5, 2024

The ICJ issues an interim ruling ordering Israel to take measures to 'prevent genocide' and ensure humanitarian aid access.

April 13, 2024

Tehran responds to the attack on its consulate in Syria by firing more than 300 drones and missiles at Israel – the first time it has launched a direct attack on Israeli soil. Most of the missiles are shot down with the help of the US and other allies in the region, having been given advance notice of the impending attack from the Iranian government.

April 17, 2024

The first peaceful student protest in US started in Colombia University. The wave of peaceful demonstrations protesting Israel’s military campaign and genocide in Gaza has been widespread across the US’s universities, in which protesters demanded the university's disinvestment from Israel over its alleged genocide of Palestinians. The protest spread over 45 out of 50 states and 25 other countries.

April 19, 2024

Explosions are reported in Isfahan in the heart of Iran. The city hosts several military sites, including ballistic missiles and infrastructure central to Iran’s nuclear program. It is broadly seen as a measured response to Iran’s largely symbolic attack several days earlier.

April 23, 2024

In April 2024, mass graves were found containing corpses with their hands tied. The corpses included women and the elderly. These killings were perpetrated by Israeli forces.

April 30, 2024

Police forcibly remove pro-Palestinian demonstrators that had barricaded themselves in a building in New York’s Columbia University, arresting dozens of people. The 'Hamilton Hall' building was renamed as 'Hind’s Hall' in honor of Hind Rajab, a six-year-old Palestinian girl who was killed by Israeli forces in Gaza City. The next morning, police in Los Angeles move in turn against protesters in UCLA. Several professors were also detained among students in some of the universities protesting.

May 5, 2024

Binyamin Netanyahu’s government shuts down the offices of Qatari news channel Al Jazeera in Israel.

May 7, 2024

Israel launches its ground offensive of Rafah and seizes control of the border crossing with Egypt, having called on the population to evacuate the area. The operation will expand in the days to come.

May 12, 2024

President Erdoğan of Turkiye says Hamas is not a terrorist but a resistance organization.

May 20, 2024

ICC announces the issuance of arrest warrants against key Hamas leaders for war crimes, including targeting civilians.

May 22, 2024

Ireland, Norway and Spain recognize the State of Palestine.

May 28, 2024

Two staff members working at the Kuwait Specialised Hospital in Rafah were killed after being targeted by Israeli drones at the hospital gate.

May 29, 2024

Israel announces having seized control of the so-called Philadelphi corridor, a buffer zone stretching some 14 kilometers along the Egyptian border of the Gaza Strip. Brazil withdrew its ambassador to Israel, expressing concerns over the humanitarian situation in Gaza.

May 31, 2024

US President Joe Biden calls on Hamas to accept a ceasefire proposal supported by the UN Security Council. The agreement would establish an initial six-week ceasefire accompanied by a withdrawal of Israeli troops from densely populated areas of the Gaza Strip and a further exchange of Hamas-held hostages for Palestinian prisoners. The proposal’s second phase would signal the permanent end of fighting between the two sides, the freeing of all the hostages and the complete withdrawal of Israeli troops from the Gaza Strip. The third phase would outline the reconstruction of the devastated enclave.

June 6, 2024

The Israeli army targets a UNRWA school converted into a shelter for displaced people in Nuseirat, claiming it is sheltering Hamas commandos involved in the October 7 attacks. At least 37 people are massacred.

June 8, 2024

Israel massacred 276 and wounded 698 Palestinian civilians in a military operation to rescue 4 hostages in the broader Nuseirat refugee camp.

June 11, 2024

Hamas calls for a “complete halt" to war in the Gaza Strip as a condition of the group’s acceptance of the ceasefire proposal backed by the US president. Netanyahu reaffirms his determination to destroy Hamas and free all the hostages and rejects the proposal.

June 15, 2024

ICC expands its investigation to include claims of collective punishment and indiscriminate attacks by Israel.

June 16, 2024

Associated Press found that Israel’s campaign in Gaza was killing entire bloodlines of Palestinian families to a degree never seen before.

June 20, 2024

The UN Security Council passes Resolution 2734, calling for an immediate ceasefire and humanitarian relief.

June 25, 2024

UN Human Rights Office condemned the report killing of 500 health workers by Israel.

July 10, 2024

Israel rejects ICC arrest warrants, calling them politically motivated.

July 13, 2024

Mohammed Deif, the head of Hamas’s armed wing, the Ezzedine al-Qassam Brigades, is killed in an Israeli air strike near Khan Younis.

July 19, 2024

The International Court of Justice defined Israeli settlement policies in occupied Palestine as a violation of international law.

July 30, 2024

The right hand of Hezbollah secretary-general Hassan Nasrallah, Fuad Shukr, is killed in an Israeli air strike in the southern suburbs of Beirut, largely controlled by the Shiite Hezbollah group.

July 31, 2024

Ismail Haniyeh, the head of the political bureau of Hamas, is killed in an explosion in Tehran after having attended the swearing-in of Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian. Haniyeh was invited to make a speech in Turkish Parliament for the coming week.

August 10, 2024

An Israeli strike on the Al-Tabi’een school, which was sheltering displaced Palestinians in Gaza City, massacres at least 93 people and wounds dozens more.

August 15, 2024

The death toll in Gaza passes 40,000, according to the health ministry in Gaza. A number of specialists stress that this figure is likely a dramatic underestimate of the true human cost of Israel’s genocide, as the figure does not take into account the thousands of people still missing or believed to be buried under rubble.

August 25, 2024

Hezbollah launches a significant attack on Israel employing drones and hundreds of rockets. The group says the attack is retaliation for the killing of Fuad Shukr in Beirut on July 30. The ICC holds its first public briefing on evidence gathered regarding war crimes on both sides.

September 10, 2024

UN reports worsening humanitarian crisis in Gaza, with 60% of infrastructure destroyed.

September 11, 2024

Israeli forces have bombed another school-turned-shelter in the Gaza Strip, massacring at least 18 people, including six staff members of the United Nations agency for Palestinian refugees (UNRWA).

September 12, 2024

The ICJ allows third-party interventions from several countries supporting the genocide case against Israel.

September 17-18, 2024

Over two days, thousands of pagers and walkie-talkies believed to belong to members of Hezbollah explode in Lebanon and Syria, massacring at least 37 people – including multiple children – and wounding thousands more.

September 22, 2024

Israel and Hezbollah exchange heavy fire. The next day, Israel calls on people living in southern Lebanon to leave ahead of a fresh wave of Israeli strikes.

September 28, 2024

Israel launches an unprecedented raid on the southern suburbs of Beirut, destroying at least six residential buildings and causing mass panic across the capital. Hassan Nasrallah, who led the Shiite group for more than three decades, is killed in the strikes. His death is confirmed by Hezbollah the next day.

October 1, 2024

Iran launched almost 200 missiles in revenge for Israel’s attacks on Hezbollah.

October 7, 2024

One-year anniversary of the attack; large-scale protests and memorials occur globally protesting genocide committed by Israel.

October 12, 2024

Israeli Army Radio announced that the US had deployed the THAAD anti-ballistic missile defense system in Israel to guard against possible Iranian missile strikes.

October 15, 2024

The ICC issues arrest warrants for senior Israeli officials over specific incidents linked to indiscriminate bombings. Syrian Network for Human Rights condemns Israeli occupation of Syrian lands in Quneitra in the Syrian Golan Since September 15, 2024.

October 18, 2024

Hamas confirmed that Yahya Sinwar, who is the leader of the organization, died in a clash with Israeli soldiers.

October 24, 2024

According to testimony given to the Israeli Knesset, Israeli soldiers driving 62-ton D9 armored bulldozers have been ordered to run over civilians, dead and alive, in the hundreds.

October 25, 2024

According to eyewitnesses in the field, Israeli forces kill journalists, and the Western media do not give the truths a chance to have presence on the spotlight.

October 2024

In October 2024, after monitoring and analyzing Israel’s war conduct in Gaza for more than a year, Forensic Architecture published a map detailing Israel’s campaign in Gaza titled ‘’A Cartography of Genocide’’ accompanied by an 827-page text report that concludes that ‘’Israel’s military campaign in Gaza is organized, systematic, and intended to destroy conditions of life and life-sustaining infrastructure’’.

October 26, 2024

Israeli fighter jets launched three waves of strikes targeting Iranian military assets, weeks after Iran had fired about 200 ballistic missiles at Israel, saying its attack was in response to Israel’s killings of Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah in the southern suburbs of Beirut and Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh in Tehran.

November 3, 2024

Israel conducted ground operations in Syria, capturing an individual accused of espionage for Iran. Israeli airstrikes targeted residential areas in Jabalia and Rafah, resulting in civilian casualties, including women and children.

November 10, 2024

A coalition of NGOs submits further evidence to the ICC on war crimes related to infrastructure destruction.

November 12, 2024

Israeli strikes hit targets in Lebanon and northern Gaza, raising regional tensions.

November 21, 2024

The UN-backed International Criminal Court (ICC) issued arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former defense minister Yoav Gallant.

November 26, 2024

The Gaza Health Ministry reported that 1,410 Gazan families had been completely erased from the civil registry as a result of Israeli bombings.

November 28, 2024

Israeli airstrikes in Zeitoun, Gaza City, and the Nuseirat refugee camp resulted in civilian casualties, including journalists and elderly individuals.

December 1, 2024

Israeli forces conducted raids in the West Bank, arresting two students from An-Najah National University in Burin, Nablus. The UNRWA paused aid deliveries through the Kerem Shalom border crossing due to security concerns.

December 2, 2024

France accused Israel of violating the ceasefire in Lebanon 52 times, resulting in the deaths of three Lebanese civilians; Israel rejected these accusations. The UN reported that Gaza now has the highest number of child amputees per capita globally. Hamas declared that 33 Israeli hostages had been killed, mostly due to Israeli airstrikes. The Gaza Government Media Office stated that 3,700 people were massacred or trapped under rubble, and 10,000 others injured since the start of the Siege of North Gaza.

December 5, 2024

Amnesty International investigation concludes Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza.

December 6, 2024

Israeli soldiers killed four doctors at Kamal Adwan Hospital.

December 8, 2024

Following the fall of the Assad regime, Israeli forces invaded the UN buffer zone in the Golan Heights and the Syrian side of Mount Hermon. Israeli shelling hit Kamal Adwan Hospital, damaging essential infrastructure and injuring medical staff and patients.

December 9, 2024

The Gaza Health Ministry reported at least 50 Palestinian deaths in the past 24 hours, bringing the total fatalities in Gaza to 44,758.

December 16, 2024

ICJ hearings continue on South Africa’s genocide case, with a decision on full merits expected in 2025. Israeli airstrikes kill dozens in Gaza's Khan Younis, worsening the humanitarian toll. Israeli forces have bombed another United Nations-run school in southern Gaza, massacring at least 20 displaced Palestinians sheltering in the building, witnesses told Al Jazeera, as the death toll from several attacks across the besieged territory, including in Beit Hanoon, Deir el-Balah and the Nuseirat refugee camp rises. More than 60 people were confirmed dead as a result of Israeli attacks in the last 24 hours, according to Palestinian officials.

December 17, 2024

Hamas says truce in Gaza may be possible if Israel stops setting new conditions. Palestinians sue State Department over US assistance to Israel’s military.

December 21, 2024

Israel kills 7 children from one family in airstrike on Gaza. UNWRA reports Gaza has become graveyard as Israel continues its bombing campaign amid worsening living conditions.

December 22, 2024

Israeli forces carried out operations near Tulkarem in the West Bank, leading to the massacre of at least eight Palestinians

December 23, 2024

Israeli airstrikes continued in Gaza, resulting in at least 58 Palestinian deaths, including children in refugee camps

December 25, 2024

Reports emerged of severe humanitarian conditions in Gaza, with nearly 2 million displaced individuals facing harsh winter conditions. The United Nations expressed deep concern over the impact of the conflict on Palestinian civilians, including attacks on hospitals

December 26, 2024

An Israeli airstrike in Gaza killed five Palestinian journalists near Al-Awda Hospital In response to missile attacks, Israeli jets targeted sites in Yemen, including Sanaa airport and Houthi positions along the coast

December 27, 2024

Israeli troops stormed Kamal Adwan Hospital in northern Gaza, forcibly removing staff and patients before setting parts of the facility ablaze

December 28, 2024

The raid to the Al-Adwan Hospital by Israel forces resulted in the detention of several individuals, including the hospital director Hussam Abu Safiya, and the evacuation of patients and staff. The World Health Organization condemned the action, noting it rendered the facility inoperative. Palestinian militants launched rockets towards Israeli territory, prompting retaliatory airstrikes. An Israeli airstrike in the Nuseirat refugee camp reportedly massacred nine members of a single family.

December 29, 2024

Israel forces issued new evacuation orders for residents of Beit Hanoun in northern Gaza. This directive led to further displacement amid the humanitarian crisis. Israeli airstrikes targeted Al-Wafa Hospital in Gaza City, resulting in at least seven fatalities. A 20-day-old infant succumbed to hypothermia in Gaza, marking the fourth such death amid harsh winter conditions and inadequate shelter for displaced families. The White House expressed optimism about reaching a cease-fire agreement between Israel and Hamas, though talks have stalled over the holidays.

December 30, 2024

The Gaza Health Ministry reported at least 55 Palestinian deaths in the past 24 hours, increasing the total death toll in Gaza to 45,589. Israeli army intercepted a vessel attempting to breach the naval blockade of Gaza; activists on board were detained. Egyptian mediators arrived in Tel Aviv to facilitate ceasefire negotiations between Israel and Hamas.

December 31, 2024

Human Rights Watch released a report condemning the high civilian casualty toll and urging both parties to adhere to international humanitarian law. New Year's Eve was marked by global protests demanding an end to the conflict and increased humanitarian aid to Gaza.

January 1, 2025

The Gaza Health Ministry reported at least 65 Palestinian deaths in the past 24 hours, increasing the total death toll in Gaza to 45,714. Israel announced the withdrawal of seven brigades from the Gaza Strip, indicating a shift to a 'different mode of operations'. Hamas fired approximately 20 rockets toward Jerusalem and southern Israel; no casualties were reported.

January 2, 2025

An Israeli airstrike targeted a location in al-Mawasi, resulting in the deaths of Mahmoud Salah, the chief of police of the Gaza Strip, his deputy Hussam Shahwan, and nine others. The Palestinian Authority ordered the suspension of Al Jazeera's broadcasts and operations in the West Bank, accusing the network of broadcasting 'inciting materials' and 'misleading reports'.

January 3, 2025

Israel approved a delegation to resume hostage negotiations in Doha, Qatar.

January 4, 2025

Israeli airstrikes in Gaza massacred at least 21 people, including children, as confirmed by hospital workers. This occurred amid ongoing discussions in Qatar aiming to reach a ceasefire after nearly 15 months of war. Hamas released a distressing video of 19-year-old Israeli hostage Liri Albag, who has been held captive since October 7, 2023. The Biden administration notified Congress of an $8 billion arms deal to Israel amid its ongoing conflict with Hamas in Gaza. The package includes bombs, missiles, and other armaments, signaling robust support for Israel. The deal needs to be approved by Congress.

January 5, 2025

Israeli airstrikes killed at least nine Palestinians in Gaza, raising the weekend's death toll to 97. Strikes targeted areas including the Nuseirat camp and Jabalia, with ongoing searches for victims trapped under rubble in Gaza City. Mediators, including officials from Qatar, Egypt, and the United States, continued efforts to broker a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas. Talks in Doha aimed to conclude an agreement before the U.S. presidential transition on January 20.

January 6, 2025

Israeli military operations continued across the Gaza Strip, resulting in at least 122 Palestinian deaths and 265 injuries over a 24-hour period. Militants in Gaza fired rockets into Israel, causing property damage but no casualties. The Israeli military fired on a U.N. aid convoy in Gaza, an act condemned by the World Food Program.

January 7, 2025

Israeli strikes continued, resulting in at least 22 Palestinian deaths, including women and children, in areas such as Gaza City, the Zeitoun suburb, Deir Al-Balah, and Jabalia. Hamas reported that Israel proposed a ceasefire plan, including the withdrawal of its troops from Gaza in exchange for the release of all hostages. The proposal also suggested a prisoner exchange and a permanent truce alongside the rehabilitation of the Gaza Strip. Hamas indicated the potential release of 34 hostages, including Kfir Bibas, kidnapped at nine months old, as part of a new prisoner exchange deal with Israel.

January 8, 2025

Israeli military strikes across Gaza resulted in at least 22 Palestinian deaths, raising the conflict's intensity as the U.S. pushes for a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas. Efforts by the U.S., Qatar, and Egypt to broker a ceasefire before President-elect Donald Trump’s inauguration on January 20, 2025, intensified. Despite talks, both sides maintained stringent demands, with Hamas wanting Israel to end the war and withdraw troops, while Israel insisted on dismantling Hamas. The family of Israeli observer soldier Liri Albag, held hostage by Hamas since October 2023, urged the Israeli government to agree to a ceasefire to secure her release.

January 9, 2025

Israeli forces conducted airstrikes across the Gaza Strip, resulting in the massacre of at least 49 Palestinians, including children in a tent camp. Reports indicated that Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu sent Mossad Director David Barnea to Qatar for indirect ceasefire talks with Hamas, signaling progress in negotiations.

January 10, 2025

Israeli negotiators traveled to Doha to finalize a hostage and ceasefire agreement with Hamas. The proposed deal included the release of 34 hostages, a ceasefire, and humanitarian aid to Gaza. President-elect Donald Trump's envoy, Steve Witkoff, met with Netanyahu to push for a ceasefire agreement before the U.S. presidential inauguration on January 20.

January 11, 2025

The Israeli army called for the evacuation of residents in the Nuseirat refugee camp in northern Gaza.

January 12, 2025

President Joe Biden, in a call with Netanyahu, emphasized the urgent need for a ceasefire in Gaza and the release of hostages, along with increased humanitarian aid. Reports from the Gaza Health Ministry indicated that at least 28 Palestinians were massacred in Israeli attacks over the past 24 hours, bringing the total Palestinian death toll in Gaza to over 46,500 since the beginning of the conflict.